Power Distance Index
Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders.
For example, Germany has a 35 on the cultural scale of Hofstede’s analysis. Compared to Arab countries where the power distance is very high (80) and Austria where it very low (11), Germany is somewhat in the middle. Germany does not have a large gap between the wealthy and the poor, but have a strong belief in equality for each citizen. Germans have the opportunity to rise in society.
On the other hand, the power distance in the United States scores a 40 on the cultural scale. The United States exhibits a more unequal distribution of wealth compared to German society. As the years go by it seems that the distance between the ‘have’ and ‘have-nots’ grows larger and larger.
Power Distance Index | Individualism | Masculinity | Uncertainty Avoidance Index | Long-Term Orientation| Power Distance Index | ||||||
| 1-20 | 21-40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-100 | 101-120 | |
| Country | PDI | IDV | MAS | UAI | LTO |
| Malaysia | 104 | 26 | 50 | 36 | |
| Guatemala | 95 | 6 | 37 | 101 | |
| Panama | 95 | 11 | 44 | 86 | |
| Philippines | 94 | 32 | 64 | 44 | 19 |
| Mexico | 81 | 30 | 69 | 82 | |
| Venezuela | 81 | 12 | 73 | 76 | |
| China | 80 | 20 | 66 | 40 | 118 |
| Egypt | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Iraq | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Kuwait | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Lebanon | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Libya | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| United Arab Emirates | 80 | 38 | 52 | 68 | |
| Ecuador | 78 | 8 | 63 | 67 | |
| Indonesia | 78 | 14 | 46 | 48 | |
| Ghana | 77 | 20 | 46 | 54 | 16 |
| India | 77 | 48 | 56 | 40 | 61 |
| Nigeria | 77 | 20 | 46 | 54 | 16 |
| Sierra Leone | 77 | 20 | 46 | 54 | 16 |
| Singapore | 74 | 20 | 48 | 8 | 48 |
| Brazil | 69 | 38 | 49 | 76 | 65 |
| France | 68 | 71 | 43 | 86 | |
| Hong Kong | 68 | 25 | 57 | 29 | 96 |
| Poland | 68 | 60 | 64 | 93 | |
| Colombia | 67 | 13 | 64 | 80 | |
| El Salvador | 66 | 19 | 40 | 94 | |
| Turkey | 66 | 37 | 45 | 85 | |
| Belgium | 65 | 75 | 54 | 94 | |
| Ethiopia | 64 | 27 | 41 | 52 | 25 |
| Kenya | 64 | 27 | 41 | 52 | 25 |
| Peru | 64 | 16 | 42 | 87 | |
| Tanzania | 64 | 27 | 41 | 52 | 25 |
| Thailand | 64 | 20 | 34 | 64 | 56 |
| Zambia | 64 | 27 | 41 | 52 | 25 |
| Chile | 63 | 23 | 28 | 86 | |
| Portugal | 63 | 27 | 31 | 104 | |
| Uruguay | 61 | 36 | 38 | 100 | |
| Greece | 60 | 35 | 57 | 112 | |
| South Korea | 60 | 18 | 39 | 85 | 75 |
| Iran | 58 | 41 | 43 | 59 | |
| Taiwan | 58 | 17 | 45 | 69 | 87 |
| Czech Republic | 57 | 58 | 57 | 74 | |
| Spain | 57 | 51 | 42 | 86 | |
| Pakistan | 55 | 14 | 50 | 70 | |
| Japan | 54 | 46 | 95 | 92 | 80 |
| Italy | 50 | 76 | 70 | 75 | |
| Argentina | 49 | 46 | 56 | 86 | |
| South Africa | 49 | 65 | 63 | 49 | |
| Hungary | 46 | 55 | 88 | 82 | |
| Jamaica | 45 | 39 | 68 | 13 | |
| United States | 40 | 91 | 62 | 46 | 29 |
| Netherlands | 38 | 80 | 14 | 53 | 44 |
| Australia | 36 | 90 | 61 | 51 | 31 |
| Costa Rica | 35 | 15 | 21 | 86 | |
| Germany | 35 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 31 |
| United Kingdom | 35 | 89 | 66 | 35 | 25 |
| Switzerland | 34 | 68 | 70 | 58 | |
| Finland | 33 | 63 | 26 | 59 | |
| Norway | 31 | 69 | 8 | 50 | 20 |
| Sweden | 31 | 71 | 5 | 29 | 33 |
| Ireland | 28 | 70 | 68 | 35 | |
| New Zealand | 22 | 79 | 58 | 49 | 30 |
| Denmark | 18 | 74 | 16 | 23 | |
| Israel | 13 | 54 | 47 | 81 | |
| Austria | 11 | 55 | 79 | 70 | |
